A painful reminder for Seattle in The War

The big, flawed PBS miniseries has the positive effect of making us consider again how so many accepted an unjust action against Japanese Americans.

Seattle posting of the first Japanese Exclusion Order in 1942. (HistoryLink)

Seattle posting of the first Japanese Exclusion Order in 1942. (HistoryLink)

The New Yorker got it right saying Ken Burns' The War falls far short of the magnificence of his 1990 documentary on the Civil War. But the 15-hour series gave us a fresh look at one of the greatest injustices in our history, the internment of Japanese Americans.

The series will be rebroadcast on subsequent Wednesdays on KCTS-TV (9) in Seattle and on other PBS stations.

Burns takes us to Sacramento, where a large number of Japanese Americans were forcibly removed and relocated. Perhaps the most anguishing scene is the American soldier visiting his parents at a camp, where guns where pointed inward. That was how our government treated his family, our countrymen.

Of course, it was shameful. That's so clear now.

But what interests me is why it made so much sense to so many then, especially in our own city, where we hear so much about our special quality. In this crime, many of us were ordinary, and wrong.

The question resonates today because we've gone through another episode of failures by our institutions. The fiasco of Iraq flowed from shared failures by the presidency, Congress, the generals, and the news media. The assertion "they attacked us" obliterated scrutiny and skepticism. We felt fear. It worked. We trusted those in power.

Burns, clearly, wants us to connect now to then. There are other places to learn more about internment: the Densho Web site, the Wing Luke Museum, David Takami's fine essay at HistoryLink or his book, Divided Destiny, and the book by Crosscut's own David Neiwert, Strawberry Days. KCTS created a Web page of Northwest stories related to the war.

The question that rolls around in my head is how could something so terrible be accepted by decent people?

Born in Seattle, my mother attended the Immaculate School in the Central Area, where as many as a quarter of students were Asian Americans. They were her neighbors, friends, and fellow student officers. You can look at class pictures year by year and see they were gone after 1942, the year of Executive Order 9066. That same year, The Seattle Times carried an op-ed by Henry McLemore headlined, "Stop Worrying About Hurting Jap Feelings." Takami estimates that 7,050 Japanese where shipped out of Seattle, first to the fairgrounds in Puyallup, then mostly to the Minidoka Relocation Center near Hunt, Idaho. "Relocation Center" sounded much better than what it was, a prison for the innocent.

Before her death in 1995, I asked my mother about that era. By 1942, she was in college. She spoke of neighbors who bought cars from Japanese Americans about to be shipped off. My mother was a person of great courage and integrity. Why did people allow it to happen? I don't recall her precise words, but she spoke of the broadly held feeling that people felt it was necessary. Note that concession by the individual to the consensus of the group.

I didn't want to judge her. It's too easy to apply today's moral viewpoint and apply it to a moment in history. There were some individuals, of course, who did act in Seattle and on Bainbridge Island.

The enduring lesson from this, I think, is that in our corner of the world, we too can fall victim to fears. We fool ourselves in thinking there is no risk it could happen again.


About the Author

O. Casey Corr is a Seattle writer who has worked for The Seattle Times and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. He now is employed at Seattle University as director of strategic communications. You can e-mail him at casey.corr@crosscut.com.

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Comments:

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 10:47 a.m. Inappropriate

memories: After reading this piece, my mind went wandering down memory lane. I was a child then and I remember seeing an anti-aircraft gun with camouflage net draped over it, sitting somewhere north of the Hec Ed pavilion... and the blimps over Bremerton. An irony suddenly occurred to me... what if our port city and shipyards had been bombed big-time, even though any likely spies who might aid such an attack had been shipped off to Idaho?... whose survival and well-being would we have virtually assured?

I think it's an old story, "they" were different than "us". People of German ancestry weren't interned on the East Coast. They weren't as "different". In fact, in many cases, they were us. It's all about ignorance... yet again.

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 10:47 a.m. Inappropriate

Fear and Bigotry: Fear and Bigotry

The American people were very afraid of an invasion of the West Coast and didn´t know what was real or imagined. This fear was exploited by Lt. Gen. John L. DeWitt to achieve his own goals. While there was no evidence to support the wild accusations that he made against Japanese American Citizens he used his own imagination to scare White America into going along with a serious crime against fellow Americans. An example of General DeWitt´s bigotry is contained in Congressional Testimony given in 1943 where he said, ¨ A Jap is a Jap. They are a dangerous element. There is no way to determine their loyalty. It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen; theoretically he is still a Japanese, and you can't change him. You can't change him by giving him a piece of paper. ¨
Americans tend to trust American Military High Brass and that trust was abused by General DeWitt. Of course, he was joined by racist and bigots from all over along with people who sought to capitalize on the plight of their fellow Americans.
duclod

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 11:31 a.m. Inappropriate

It was greed, simply greed.: Take a look and the history of eastern asian immigration. There was a long history of discrimination against these peoples. They were banned from becoming US citizens and land ownership. Land purchases were made in the name of immigrants' US born children since these offspring were US citizens.

The Japanese farmers along the west coast pioneered truck farming and were amazingly (to the Anglos) successful. One of the arguments was that the Anglo farmers could take over these farms. When the Japanese were shipped east in such a hurried manner, they sold their property to farmers.

Look at what happened to land ownership on Bainbridge Island as a classic example.

The joke of it is that the Anglo farmers could not produce veggies and fruit at the same level as the Japanese. Ther was also nobody to harvest the crops. Those that usually did had been relocated.

The residents of the "Relocation Centers" were invited to be farm workers both back along the west coast and in the southwest and midwest. It was a way out for residents to get out of the camps.

Unfortunately, racism is racism.

Why did it happen in this case? Fear, racism, greed, and jealousy and the desire to have a land grab and put down a population that was doing quite well, thank you, at farming where it was origionally thought it would be impossible to make a living.

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 11:44 a.m. Inappropriate

Internment had another perspective: I am not of that generation, however there is always a silent element to this topic left out by all parties some in that generation knew about. The Japanese had what we have later become to understand as "Mafia". The Italians hardly could hold a torch to their Japanese counter parts. It operated in this country. It was strong. It victimized many Japanese on both sides of the pacific. It had control.

This country did not have time, the resources or the social relationships to deal with this element in a manner that would isolate only these characters. The Japanese kept to themselves too. Because of that it had been ignored as "their problem".

To underestimate the influence of them in local and national Japanese business, in this country is foolish. I have yet to hear a Japanese solution to this hidden threat during these times let alone a US Government acknowledgment of this known fear and how it was factored into the decision. Let the Japanese Americans come forward with some history of the influence of this silent culture operating over the pacific with threats to both sides of their families.

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 12:09 p.m. Inappropriate

Tip o' the hat...: From the New Yorker review cited by Casey Corr:

"Three years ago, Seattle Public Television produced "The Perilous Fight," a documentary that chronicled the war with color footage that had never been seen before, and with dozens of letters and diary entries and some news reports by Ernie Pyle; it happened to air in New York a few weeks ago, and I couldn't help noticing that Burns had used a surprising amount of the same material, despite having a multimillion-dollar budget and a crack research team."

Here's to you, Greg Palmer!

The Piper

Posted Thu, Oct 4, 6:16 p.m. Inappropriate

Give Internment a Chance!: It is the hallmark of liberals to whine about harsh measures that keep the entire country -- and by extension, them -- safe.

The difference between Japanese Americans and Americans at large this time was profound, and no one really knew what risk lay in doing nothing. The liberal democrat's FDR's decision to intern the Japanese was overdone, but prudent for a people that was largely inscrutable to westerners, and whose religion includes ancestor worship. Their ties to their fellow ethnic Japanese were exceedingly manifest, whereas their patriotism was at that juncture, hypothetical; it had never been tested.

Not only were there real acts of sabotage by Japanese Americans, but Imperial Japan was actively invoking ethnic Japanese -- both citizens and non-citizens, to rise up against their American hosts.

The theft of their land -- just another liberal policy that our federal government now applies to all of us, and despicable. That part was shameful. Just flat-out theft.

As for the knuckleheads who claim German Americans were not interned, again -- read your history. They were rounded up in scores in this country, especially anyone associated with Der Bund. No freedom of association for them, and again, this was done out of prudence. In Canada, another liberal wonderland, I do seem to recall Germans losing the right to vote during the Great War.

So stop crying in your copy of Snow Falling on Cedars. Japanese property was stolen in many cases, but they lived. You have no way of proving they wouldn't have risen up against us if they had not been interned. We did intern them, and they didn't rise up. Unfortunate Americans in JAPAN at this time were treated to rape and decapitation. GET SOME PERSPECTIVE!!!

You might not be able to say with certainty that internment "worked" (this would assert / beg the question that they would have risen up), but it certainly didn't fail.

When in a deathlock with an enemy, when victory is not certain, and ALL is at stake, get real -- suspect populations are going to have a rough ride. No one has a magic ethnometer to see if patriotism outweighs ethnic ties and resentment.

I sincerely hope we are never attacked again, but if we are, I hope the first rats rounded up are those cheering our imminent demise, like the Ethiopians did here in the Puget Sound following the murderous attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, etc.

Get over it.

Danny.
DannyD

Posted Sat, Oct 6, 8:08 a.m. Inappropriate

RE: Give Internment a Chance!: It seems to be a hallmark of Right-wingers to quake (and quack) with fear at every real or imagined threat. They're 'fair weather friends' of the Constitution. You'd think by their rhetoric they'd be made of sterner stuff. But they quickly go all 'North Korean' on us and adopt the mindset of the Red Fascists (The mainland Chinese) with which they so love to do business. "Harsh measures for harsh, unsafe times.' 'Guilty until innocent.' They're so eager to define and challenge the patriotism of others; when was the last time 'Danny' had his own questioned?

Forget the fiction of your "Snow Falling on Cedars," and read some actual local history.

I had the tremendous great fortune to meet and work with Jun and Aki Kurose over a period of almost a month in the early '80's when the Seattle Rep staged portions of AMERICAN DREAMS: LOST AND FOUND, by lefty Studs Terkel.

Do yourself a big, big favor: Go to the library; check it out. Read the words of fellow Americans born and raised in Seattle. It starts on page 161; the chapter heading is "Them." ISBN 0394507932

During a coffee break, Jun once cracked me up; he said, "Yeah - I kept being told it [internment] was for ME. For my SAFETY. If that's the case, then why were all the guns pointing inside? (Laughs)

So before you can "get over it" as your particular whine so poetically put it, you have to actually learn about it first.

Laurence Ballard

Posted Sat, Oct 6, 10:05 p.m. Inappropriate

RE: memories: Actually, persons of German and Italian ancestry most certainly were interned in camps in Idaho, Montana and elsewhere. The difference was the native born Japanese, US citizens, some for many generations, were interned based on their race. The Germans and Italians were interned based on their national origin, not their race, and this is somehow more sensible. (?)

Uncle Mike

Posted Sat, Oct 6, 10:25 p.m. Inappropriate

RE: Give Internment a Chance!: I hesitate to respond to this comment because it is like picking a turd and giving it a taste to be sure it's shit. Yeah, it's shit alright. Clearly, Danny should be taken out and shot, as the developed countries of the Netherlands, France, Italy, Denmark, Norway and even Germany did after the war. Regrettably, the US never imposed de-Nazification domestically, and so we continue to suffer the inhumane mouth breathers like Danny polluting our gene pool and making our country an unsafe place to live.

I am looking right now at a copy of the St. Louis newspaper for December 8, 1941. On the front page is a prominent story that states that Japanese agents attacked locations up and down the West Coast on Dec. 7. Of course, it never happened. It was part of the confusion of the day, a time when even a long distance phone call was hard to come by. I can forgive the confused and myopic reporters on December 8, who weren't sure what was really happening. I can't, and don't forgive the human refuse that is Danny, someone who would be summarily incarcerated today in France, Germany, or Holland. Too bad they no longer have the death penalty.

Danny is right about one thing, however accidentally he came by this observation. As unforgivable and shameful was our treatment of Japanese, Germans, and Italians was during WWII, it does not compare to the despicable treatment of US, British, Dutch and other innocent civilians (including children) interned in the Axis countries. That's something, I suppose.

Uncle Mike

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