Why has free trade, key to this state's economy, gone all wobbly?

Congressional Democrats, including from this state, have stalled out trade talks. President Obama has gone silent on the key issues of trade liberalization. You'd think business leadership would be ringing alarm bells.

The Port of Seattle. (Chuck Taylor)

The Port of Seattle. (Chuck Taylor)

As is often said, all politics are local. Certainly Members of Congress think so. Farm state members fight to save subsidies, rust belt members battle for auto bailouts, and everyone lines up for local earmarks. One of the biggest questions facing our Democrat dominated Northwest delegation is how hard will they fight to make progress on the biggest issue affecting Washington state’s economy — an issue that is completely stalled and may not have the support of the new President? Will our Democrats fight for free trade? Will our business leaders push them to do so?

Labor, Pat Buchanan, and Lou Dobbs have succeeded in making trade a deeply controversial subject, especially in the Democratic Party. Gone are the days when Democrat Bill Clinton was willing to wage political war to pass the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and many Democrats were willing to follow. Today, President Obama and Secretary of State-designee Hillary Clinton are fresh off a campaign in which both promised to renegotiate NAFTA and to oppose free trade agreements.

Last year, Democrats in Congress succeeded in halting the last vestiges of progress towards lowering barriers to trade. Negotiations on multilateral agreements, such as the Free Trade Area of the Americas, and the Doha round of World Trade Organization (WTO) tariff negotiations, are completely stalled. The Bush administration had responded by using its “fast track” authority under the Trade Promotion Authority Act (TPA) to send Congress a series of bilateral agreements which Congress could not amend and had to act on within prescribed deadlines. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Peru, Oman, Morocco, Australia, Chile, and Singapore all made it through Congress in this manner. In early 2008, Bush sent Congress FTAs with Colombia, Panama, and South Korea — the last agreements he had negotiated under his TPA authority, which Congress had allowed to lapse in 2007. This time the Democratic leadership found a way out by voting to suspend the provisions of TPA, allowing the majority party to avoid votes on the three Bush-proposed FTAs. After the vote Speaker Nancy Pelosi summed up what drove this unprecedented action: “We certainly should do more for our own economy before passing another trade agreement.”

There is a mountain of evidence to suggest that trade agreements and free trade do benefit our economy. Economists seem pretty united in the belief that job gains outnumber losses and the benefits far outweigh the costs. Trade supporters have compelling answers to all the usual criticisms regarding the environment and trade’s impact on developing countries.

Trade critics seem to have forgotten the decades liberals spent bashing Republicans for the Smoot-Hawley Act which raised tariffs and deepened the Great Depression. (A lesson that bears remembering today.) They also seem to not understand that as we threaten to raise walls and renegotiate NAFTA, Canada, our second biggest trading partner, is negotiating a free trade agreement with the European Union which goes beyond NAFTA. Protectionism begets protectionism, and trade will flow where it is least restricted.

This month, Jagdish Bahagwati, a Columbia professor and senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, wrote powerfully against the Democrats’ emerging neo-protectionist stance:

If Mr. Obama’s silences on multilateral trade are disturbing, should we be pleased by his strictures against bilateral free-trade agreements? On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite. To understand this paradox, consider that labor union lobbies and their political friends have decided that the ideal defense against competition from the poor countries is to raise their cost of production by forcing their standards up, claiming that competition with countries with lower standards is “unfair.” “Free but fair trade” becomes an exercise in insidious protectionism that few recognize as such.

This cynical tactic can work only when the US is engaged in negotiating FTAs, typically with weak countries. It does not work for the multilateral system, where powerful, democratic countries such as India and Brazil reject such trade-unrelated demands. So, the “fair trade” lobbies, which Mr Obama continues to embrace, gravitate towards FTAs rather than the WTO. The Democrats’ opposition to occasional FTAs — including the latest one with Colombia — reflects, then, a recurring attempt at imposing yet more draconian demands on small countries rather than a preference for the multilateral trading system. If he is to embrace multilateralism and free trade forcefully, Mr. Obama needs a stellar crew that will understand the protectionist nature of “fair trade” demands and dispel the unions’ baseless fear that trade with poor countries harms American workers’ wages.

There is, to be sure, another side to this argument. Critics can make a forceful case that increased trade and globalization has cost some Americans their jobs, particularly in the Midwest. But it is much harder to argue seriously that trade isn’t critical to Washington state, the most trade-dependent state in the nation. One in three jobs here are dependent on trade, and our economy is driven by trade. Who says so? Democratic Gov. Chris Gregoire, and Democratic Sen. Patty Murray certainly think so.

The evidence is overwhelming. Boeing is America’s leading exporter. The ports of Seattle and Tacoma together comprise the third largest container port in North America, handling over 4 million containers per year. In addition to Boeing, Microsoft and Weyerhaeuser, over 9,000 Washington firms export overseas, producing 25 percent of our Gross State Product. Our farm sector is massively dependent on exports: more than 85 percent of our wheat, 60 percent of our hops, and 30 percent of our apples are sold overseas.

Trade is to Washington as cars are to Detroit, and traditionally our politicians have understood that. Washington state’s congressional Democrats have voted for most trade deals most of the time. In 2002, however, Representatives Jay Inslee, Brian Baird, and Jim McDermott all voted against reauthorizing Trade Promotion Authority. Last year, every Democratic member of our House delegation voted to suspend TPA in order to block consideration of the three pending Free Trade Agreements.

As for the future of trade policy, the election of Barack Obama raises nothing but questions. What exactly does President Obama have planned regarding trade? Will he ask for TPA? Are the three pending FTAs dead? Will he really try to renegotiate NAFTA? Will he push to jump start multilateral processes?

Nor is it clear at the local level. How will Washington state Democrats react? Was their vote to suspend TPA last year just part of a manuever to get the issue out of the election campaign? Will they push Obama to ask for TPA and then fight to get it for him? And where is the business community? Are they willing to really pressure Democrats (whose campaigns they largely supported) on this most important of business climate issues?

Trade is the key to our economic future. Isn't anyone in Washington state willing to spend political capital to move this issue forward?


About the Author

Chris Vance is a public affairs consultant who lives in Auburn, Wash. He was chair of the Republican Party in Washington from 2001-06, a King County Council member from 1994-2001, and a state representative from 1991-93. He can be reached at cvapv@comcast.net.

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Comments:

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 8:12 a.m. Inappropriate

I couldn't agree more. Greasing the wheels of trade will certainly help our local economy, but more importantly it will boost our national economy. It's true that manufacturing jobs will migrate to other countries that perform those functions better and at less cost, but the return is a) more affordable, better quality products, and b) an increase in pretty much every other category of jobs as our businesses benefit and grow from the market efficiencies. This shift would help more people than it would hurt.

On a similar note, we should either a) scale down our efforts to catch and deport illegal aliens, or b) set up a program that makes them legal. The depletion of Mexican labor is not helping this economy.

P.S. It's nice to see you writing about issues other than how to get Republicans elected.

Sean

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 10:32 a.m. Inappropriate

Chris: The silence from Obama on trade is because he took positions on trade in his Presidential campaign, to head off Hillary in Midwest rustbelt states, which he otherwise would not have taken. With the financial/economic crisis intervening, he has gotten agreement from key labor leaders that his jobs program must have precedence over renegotiating NAFTA, etc. I discuss this a bit in my piece to be posted on Crosscut, probably later today.

Democrats once led on international trade. President Kennedy's 1962 Trade Expansion Act was a major part of his "get America moving again" campaign.
Presidents Johnson, Carter and Clinton---and Democratic Presidential aspirants including Humphrey, McGovern, Mondale, Hart, Dukakis and Tsongas---maintained a liberalized-trade stance. But Clinton was only able to get NAFTA approval through Republican support on the Hill. Since then, the balance has tipped and a majority of Democrats in the Congress have too often reflexively opposed not only multilateral, global negotiations but bilateral deals. The Bush administration pursued bilaterals only because multilaterals no longer were possible. The Battle of Seattle, at which protesters pretty much sunk WTO prospects, emphasized the environmental and labor standards which U.S. labor and others have insisted be part of trade negotiations. These never were a part of trade negotiations until the Clinton administration attached them to the NAFTA deal, in an equivocal way, as a sweetener to labor. Since then, as Baghawati relates, they have become a convenient way to block imports from Third World countries which cannot as a practical matter meet such standards.

The current financial/economic crisis may provide a way for the Obama administration to change course. Obama knows we must avoid the kind of international protectionism which led to the collapse of the 1930s. His White House, Treasury and State financial/economic advisors are free traders. His U.S. Trade Representative, until this point, has been generally ignorant of trade except as a trade promoter for his city. His Labor Secretary is an outright protectionist. Her posture is welcome in the labor community but will carry little weight in policy discussions.

Sad turn of events all around. In 1962, when JFK launched his historic Trade Expansion Act, auto and steel companies and unions were among its
strong supporters. Now that their industries are less competitive, the easy path is to blame foreign devils and vow to block their products.

It is indeed hard to understand the passivity of the Puget Sound business and financial communities, and our congressional delegation, on an issue which is vital to this region's continuing viability. Even unions here are dependent on international trade.

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 10:45 a.m. Inappropriate

"Will our Democrats fight for free trade?"

Is it possible that Democrats are taking a cautious approach to new trade agreements and liberalized trading rules because Republican economic policies generally have had an enormous negative impact on working Americans?

As Mr. Vance I'm sure would acknowledge, successful politics requires its practitioners to stay connected to their constituents -- to feel their pain, which for an increasing number means unemployment, loss of home and retirement equity, unaffordable health care, and no foreseeable prospects for improved conditions. And for many who have lost jobs as a result of manufacturing moving to cheaper labor markets, where the financial benefits often include lower environmental standards, there has not been sufficient attention given to programs that would soften the blow of job losses and help workers transition to new employment.

On the home front we’ve witnessed the problems that off-shore outsourcing can cause for our leading manufacturing industry, Boeing. This alone is enough to give our state’s political leaders pause when it comes to trade policy.

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 11:03 a.m. Inappropriate

Try again: take a look at the rise in shipping costs over the last five years. Frankly, I see nothing conservative about the trade dependency you advocate. The funny thing is that the Republicans can't even see the conservative movement staring them in the face. It seems completely reasonable to expect people to grow more risk-adverse, pessimistic, family-centered, and community focused in order to weather the crisis generated by the trade dependency we grown enjoyed--a liberal project. Trade only works when a nation creates a surplus for trade; we produce debt, call it money, and trade it--not a surplus.

Republicans don't represent the interest of family and community. Where's the plan to restructure government? Where is the plan for a flatter government? Where is the plan to privatize services; one that sources goods and services not to the benefit of big-business, but at the point of delivery. Where is the tax and regulatory reform to encourage productive activity, rather than debt-generation and waste production? Where are the reforms to restore the natural capital that will be our legacy? Republicans are only relevant in relation to the Democrats. That's called co-dependence.

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 11:36 a.m. Inappropriate

Naturally, the Democrats are the enablers.

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 2:43 p.m. Inappropriate

I have three words for Chris: 'balance of trade'. I think traditonal conservatives (Andrew Bacevich) are very worried about our huge trade deficit that is paired oh so nicely with are huge national deficit. This is not a sustainable situation for this country. We are talking trillions and trillions of dollars! So the questions to Chris and Ted is what to you propose to do about our trade deficit? Are you alarmed?

In answering these questions please refrain from the old 100% protection vs free trade argument. Most critics of the extreme free trade positions of recent years have been looking towards striking a balance and respect the role of trade. Proponents of the current free trade agenda always bring up specters of total protectionism to discount opponents.

bjorn

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 3:12 p.m. Inappropriate

Bjorn,

No, a trade imbalance does not concern me. http://www.freetrade.org/issues/deficit.html

My main point here is to illustrate that Washington State's Democratic leaders have always supported free trade. Will they do so now?

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 7:36 p.m. Inappropriate

The sky might fall.

Mr Baker

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 9:29 p.m. Inappropriate

Chris,

I looked at the link and it did not address my concern but talked around the point. The trillion dollar trade deficit means that we are importing far far more than we export. Just like the national deficit there is no magic here - we are consuming and spending more than we are producing and we can only get away with this because the Asian nations are buying our debt (being our creditors). This situation will not continue forever.

I am open to hearing a well-reasoned argument why it is possible for us to sustain ever growing trade deficits and how this actually can support long term prosperity in our nation?

bjorn

Posted Wed, Jan 21, 10:13 p.m. Inappropriate

Bjorn,

I'm sorry, but I don't see a link between our national debt, which is caused by the government spending and borrowing, and the trade deficit, which is caused by individuals choosing to buy goods from overseas.

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 12:52 a.m. Inappropriate

The so called "trade deficit" is nonsense.

Sure, if you focus your spotlight on manufactured goods, our country buys more than it sells. If you broaden your definition of trade to include the entire market of tradeable things, such as equity, securities, real estate, education, intellectual property, entertainment and media, etc., the deficit vanishes.

Sean

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 5:29 a.m. Inappropriate

The trade issue has always played differently for Washington's congressional delegation than Democrats nationally, because of Washington's exports. That's understood by most all involved.

If their is a client relationship associated with any of the motivations for this piece, it should be disclosed.

Jan

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 6:31 a.m. Inappropriate

I will always disclose any client relationships associated with anything I write which Crosscut chooses to use. There are not such relationships associated with this piece.

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 10:19 a.m. Inappropriate

Re the trade deficit: it seems most of what we've "exported" has been financial instruments, like mortgage backed securities or treasury bills. How much of that do people outside the US want to keep buying, and at what price? That's one of the big questions for the stimulus: what will the interest rate be to pay back the $825 billion or whatever it turns out to be? I think the trade deficit does matter.

sjenner

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 11:02 a.m. Inappropriate

Chris, The GAO came out with a report of the Fortune 100 and top 100 Government Contractors Boeing #2... have off shore banking to hide taxes...

INTERNATIONAL TAXATION Large U.S. Corporations and Federal Contractors with Subsidiaries in Jurisdictions Listed as Tax Havens or Financial Privacy Jurisdictions
A

WA Dept of Revenue - WA Legislature gives away $56 Billion in tax cuts, credits and subsGidies every two years according WA Dept. of Revenue...

China - 9% growth in economy

WA Economy - After WWII Europe,Japan and the rest of the world had no manufacturing base... hence WA had a 9% economic growth rate...
Now we have gutted manufacturing in WA, Boeing has outsourced 50% of jobs and manufacturing... yet we list the sale price of each plane sold as 100% export stats...

{Pensions in 1950-60's were %9 of labor salaries now it is %3 along with special pension plans is for Fortune 500 CEO's in the billions... New york state taxes on bonuses of fortuen 500 CEOS is $39 Billion dollars...

yes chris you are old school on export ....
quinaultbob

Posted Thu, Jan 22, 11:09 a.m. Inappropriate

tax havens of fortune 100 US Corporations .... old school corp welfare the GOP ignored... not a tax increase just top 100 corp pay there fair share of taxes... estimate $100 Billion

GAO Report Dec 08

INTERNATIONAL
TAXATION
Large U.S. Corporations and Federal Contractors with Subsidiaries in Jurisdictions Listed as Tax Havens or Financial Privacy Jurisdictions

URL: http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/documents/GAOReportTaxHavens011609.pdf?sid=ST2009011603928&s;_pos=list

Posted Fri, Jan 23, 1:53 p.m. Inappropriate

Chris, you know what you're talking about. Washington has been a big winner because of trade and will need the Obama Administration to continue the work of the Bush Administration to promote a level playing field for American exporters. Washington leads the other 49 states in per capita exports because of the superior products and services of companies like Boeing and Microsoft. Free trade agreements (FTAs) are vital tools to help American companies compete in the global marketplace. They are structured to provide us an advantage.

Let's look at a few facts: U.S. annual export growth has been double digit from 2004 through 2008 and has actually outpaced import growth since 2006. It's true that we have a trade deficit but in the first 11 months of 2008, our merchandise trade deficit with FTA partner countries was $107 billion compared with the non-FTA deficit of $644 billion. While the deficit with the non-FTA countries has risen $30 billion in the first 11 months of 2008 vs. the same period in 2007, the FTA countries deficit has narrowed $12 billion over the same period. Tellingly, year-to-date through November, the United States actually has a trade surplus in manufactured goods with the 14 countries with which it had an FTA in effect.

FTAs with Costa Rica, Oman and Peru were just implemented this month. For President Bush's Administration, that means the United States implemented free trade agreements with 14 countries in addition to those already in place with Israel, Canada and Mexico.

We live in an interconnected global economy. We cannot close ourselves off to the rest of the world and ignore the rules of economics. As American businesses work to be competitive and seek comparative advantage, we must work to give them an advantage and create jobs by knocking down foreign barriers to trade through FTAs. As President Obama said on Tuesday, "the world has changed, and we must change with it." FTAs help us with that changing world.

Charlie

Charlie

Posted Fri, Jan 23, 5:37 p.m. Inappropriate

US imports and exports started declining in September, 2008, and have fallen each month since. With the contraction in World Trade that is now occurring and which will likely continue for at least another year, it is unlikely that we will hearing much about further free trade agreements for several years. When trade starts to contract countries start getting protective of their industries and less receptive to opening them up to foreign competition. No one is going to want to talk about free trade until trade prospects significantly improve. It could be several years before we will see any movement on new agreements.
Weyerhaeuser has been trying to sell a nice fleet of cargo ships for some months and there is no interest as shipping is contracting across the globe.

Posted Sun, Jan 25, 2:17 p.m. Inappropriate

Seattle was the poster child for globalism. Instead of producing real value, you guys stapled together parts built with cheap labor or unloaded things into your docks and then jacked up the price. Sorry to say, it doesn't work any more.

jabailo

Posted Mon, Jan 26, 4:33 p.m. Inappropriate

If only “economic realities” were mirrored in the “physical realities of the planet, what a joyful world we’d all inhabit! We could move closer to that paradigm by, say, mandating that the WTO Dispute Settlement crew included an ecologist, an anthropologist & an ethicist, instead of guys with banking, economics, international law, & trade policy backgrounds only.

For another thing, WTO itself admits that smaller “less-developed” countries are WAY more likely to be hammered in bi-lateral agreements (as opposed to multi-lateral treaties & policies), to the ongoing detriment of the majorities of their working populations (but not to their economic elites, most likely). Of course, with the “biggest hammer” being in the hands of the USA, we “stand to gain” from that. Feel better? (Me neither…)

While the “Asian Tigers” (& Panda) live off our ag bounty, recycle our scrap into products, and lend us money to buy their stuff (& make wars if we like), we continue to support & maintain ourselves with “make-work” boondoggles, like the Interstate Highway System, where EVERY MAN IS AN ENGINEER- WITH HIS OWN 1-CAR CHOO-CHOO TRAIN, or AIRPORT CONSTRUCTION (when high-speed rail should be there to eliminate the short-hop & “commuter” flights in our region).

Can’t buy Colombian products locally? A lot of coffee purveyors regionally might disagree… and, locally, the roses you’ll buy for Valentines Day will probably come from there… from a company that left 7 acres under glass on Vashon Island decades ago (where it sits decaying to this day) to take advantage of low wages, cheap fuel, lax environmental regulations, subsidized delivery systems (thanks, U.S. public Port Districts!) etc. It makes SOMEONE good money; but it doesn’t make much sense.

Newt Gingrich’s explanation “Every day, every good American says ‘what’s the angle?.. how do I get around it?’” as his working hypothesis of the interaction of entrepreneurs & regulations in general is a pretty sound analysis. If you’re a “free-trade” neo-liberal or an old-school “Bull-Market Democrat” (a la the Martin Durkan conspiracy) and “jobs” is the ONLY Thing then, yes… the heck with environmental niceties at home & sockin’ it to the “Indians” out there in the emerging nation-states. But SOMEone is gonna pay for LUNCH—us, our kids, grandkids, someone… ^..^

herbert

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