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Making a waterfront park that fits Seattle's culture

James Corner, the prime planner of the central waterfront park, gets off on the right foot — avoiding the sweeping gesture and focusing instead on "small bursts of idiosyncratic energy."

A visualization of the central waterfront, sans Viaduct.

WSDOT

A visualization of the central waterfront, sans Viaduct.

The Seattle Aquarium, built on an historic pier, is a key feature of the waterfront

Stuart Silk

The Seattle Aquarium, built on an historic pier, is a key feature of the waterfront

This past weekend a small slice of the Alaskan Way Viaduct was bashed to the ground. Standing on the spot where it stood just a few days ago, it seems hard to believe it was even there. The ground is flat and level. There is a clear view up First Avenue to elegant older buildings framing the street, and south to the distant art deco tower of the Starbucks mother-ship. The absence of the hulking, dirty superstructure with its squat legs immediately makes apparent new possibilities.
 
One can easily imagine a green promenade extending from the imposing facade of Qwest Field diagonally northwesterly, eventually touching down on an expansive waterfront park, perhaps outfitted with beaches and habitat for marine life. The promenade could be a splendid setting for food carts and festivals, art, and interpretive signs that explain the colorful history of the area previously known as the mud flats. The diminutive and delicate-looking triangle building would be a modest but distinctive landmark — now freed from lying in the shadow of the viaduct.
 
But still, as one looks along that alignment stretching towards Elliott Bay, the forest of dark gray columns is a dismal reminder of how much there is to be done before we reclaim the waterfront as attractive and accommodating public space. Miles of concrete and steel in reinforced decks and posts to be demolished, utilities to be relocated, new roadways built, and a new seawall — all are yet to come. The prospect is absolutely thrilling and entirely daunting.
 
Last Thursday at a standing-room-only crowd at the Seattle Aquarium, James Corner of James Corner Field Operations, the prime consultant in a multi-disciplined planning team, shared his observations about the region, the city, the downtown, and the waterfront. He also offered some clues about future proposals by his team. JCFO has a $6 million contract to create a "Framework Plan" in two years, involving the public in the process. The Aquarium was filled with exhibits, videos, and boards for marking up with comments.
 
Corner spoke to the attentive crowd for more than an hour, running through slides that dissected the waterfront in several different ways. Although eloquent and charming at times, he also conveyed some of his points in simplified ways that seemed to be aimed at a junior high school audience. Big white circles on a map of the region are not exactly incisive commentary.
 
Surely much of the introduction was obvious to most people in the room, who have been following the project for years and participating in hands-on workshops. But any design professional has to go through a self-learning phase, and I suppose Corner, who is based at the University of Pennsylvania, should be commended for showing his work, rather than merely giving the answers.
 
More illuminating were a series of maps that separated the waterfront into sections, each relating to an upland or inshore district. These maps suggest that, rather than a monolithic approach, instead there exists the possibility to create a diverse range of settings and choices fitted to the different neighborhoods.
 
Corner is on to something. It is simply not possible to do a grand, sweeping scheme that encompasses the entire waterfront from SODO to Lower Queen Anne. It would be highly doubtful that we could secure the funding necessary for such a gesture, no matter how compelling. Moreover, Seattle has for the most part turned its collective nose up at big public projects. From the rejection of the Bogue Plan in 1912, to the No vote (twice) on the Seattle Commons 14 years ago, to the more recent scrapping of the monorail project, big visions don’t sell well here.
 
Every city has personality quirks. Ours is a suspicion of big agencies and really big ideas — especially really big ideas from agencies. We might flirt with a big notion momentarily, but then "Nawww."  We don’t see any of the big urban redevelopment schemes commonly done in almost all other large West Coast cities, including Canada. Just not our style, it would seem. Even the much lauded Forward Thrust in the 70s was essentially a long list of smaller projects, and the big one, rail transit, was rejected (twice).
 
An approach that creates a multitude of places, each with its own personality and set of choices within it, would fit the culture of Seattle. Imagine more places like the Market, Fremont, Ballard, Pike/Pine. Each of the districts within downtown would have its own particular — and perhaps even peculiar — front porch facing the bay. As one moves along the length of the waterfront, one would encounter small bursts of idiosyncratic energy. Some places there would be beaches and habitat, other places urban plazas and vendors, other spots festivals and food.
 
Corner also observed the importance of the "wedges" created by our downtown's shifting street grid, a reminder of land disputes by the founding pioneers. In each of these pie-shaped sectors, streets reach back into the city and frame a confluence of turns and trapezoidal blocks, angled buildings, and quirky spaces. Where the narrow part of the wedge touches the water, there could be a significant landmark structure or shared space that celebrates the co-joining of adjacent districts. The long-gone, whimsical clock tower at Colman Dock used to serve as one of those markers. The more recently installed steel light tower at the Port of Seattle’s marina made an attempt to do that, even though it is so understated as to be ineffectual.
 
Creating distinct and discrete pieces of the waterfront would allow it to emerge and morph over time, each acquiring its own patina and layers of commerce, culture, and community. Some waterfronts in other cities seem forever stuck in the time they were built, and seem to lack an adaptability to change and new influences. Great urban waterfronts continue to have a grittiness, in which some parts are relatively new and shiny while other parts display the effects of time and weather. In such waterfronts, it’s not all about a singular work of design genius: hundreds of people, organizations, and businesses each add their own programs and activities.
 
JCFO is seems to be heading in some good directions. But their thinking could be enriched by a few added dimensions.
 
First, there was little recognition that Seattle represents a unique blending of two cultures imported from opposite points of the globe. This region, unlike others, is a mash-up of northern European (specifically Scandinavian cultures) with multiple Asian cultures. The coincidental hallmark of both is a deep regard for craft, the delicate working of smaller spaces, politeness and restraint in social interaction.

We are not known for big, boisterous shows of collective hubris. Every time someone has tried to move in that direction (hosting the Olympics, for example), the lack of enthusiasm is palpable. So, how to express this disdain for flamboyance along our waterfront?  Possibly by emphasizing the small and well-made, rather than the big and showy.
 
Finally, the waterfront project has the potential to convey to the world what Seattle has to offer. In large part, this is a combination of collective environmental stewardship, technical innovation, a relaxed café culture, and the arts in diverse forms. How do we represent these within various settings along the waterfront? What forms do they take? What gives our waterfront a genuine authenticity of place and culture (including First Nations) that does more than pander to visitors with superficial references like totem poles and Starbucks logos?
 
I, for one, would not be looking for some grand, sweeping vision from JCFO, but rather a set of clear and compelling notions about how we can create a diverse collection of places with many, many handprints on it. Not all of it may make the cover of design magazines. But it will be like a collection of comfortable, shared living rooms — some classy perhaps, others not so much.


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Comments:

Posted Thu, Feb 24, 7:52 a.m. Inappropriate

I was born and raised in Chicago, the only American city with a "World Class Waterfront.
Seattle, with the present planning and it's restrictions, you are not world class and never will be...if that is a goal.

First and formost, in 100 years (the projected life of a large and expensive capital improvement, our current waterfront will be underwater and subject to storm surges that will bring the 2112 waterfront up to Western Avenue and higher.

To replicate the current elevations in this plan is not only wasteful but ignorant of the real world condition.

Our waterfront should be the Elliott Bay Harborfront, stretching from Alki Beach around to the Magnolia Bluffs. We should be planning for the connection of all the "Pearls" in this chain of waterfront experiences, accessible by a dozen neighborhoods and spiking out to other neighborhoods beyond.
Spending the amount of money that is anticipated on only a mile of the waterfront is ass backwards.
First, connect the pieces, then infill as opportunities become available.
Imagine walking, riding, jogging from Alki to Magnolia. That would be world class and well worth the money.

Until this approach is accepted and intigrated into our current thinking, all we will get is another bland improvement that shows Seattle for what it is...mediocre!

Posted Thu, Feb 24, 7:53 a.m. Inappropriate

I have been intrigued lately by the use of low rise gondolas as a way to move pedestrian traffic around town. This may be a way to preserve some of the view potential ambiance of the waterfront as well a providing a practical transportation system. This transportation method is coming into popular use in congested cities around the world. The cars holding up to 25 people glide along just above the other street poles etc and can go up to 25 mph or so. They have a slowing stop system every 5 blocks or so to allow entrance and exit (like a ski lift gondola). The cost is a small fraction of any other surface transportation option and neither slows nor is slowed by surface traffic.

Here is a link to a Toronto project.

http://gondolaproject.com/2009/12/30/introducing-2/

ruffner

Posted Thu, Feb 24, 5:14 p.m. Inappropriate

"Low rise gondolas"? Why do I think Monorail when I examine your links? Been there, tried that; thanks very much.

No need to develop some exotic shuttle system when all we have to do is restore the George Benson Waterfront Streetcar. With the viaduct gone, there will be plenty enough land to devote a narrow strip to this beloved transportation line. If San Francisco can keep all those historic streetcars operating, seemingly forever, on its wonderful F Line, then certainly we can do something similar here and on a smaller scale.

Posted Fri, Feb 25, 10:54 a.m. Inappropriate

Restoring the waterfront trolley is high on my wish list.

But why do I keep finding myself thinking that this whole planning exercise in listening to "the people" is a farce? That the things that will get built will be decided by the people with the money, ie the land developers?

I'm with arties, this land is going to be underwater. Better to plan for that future than dig a tunnel that will also be underwater, if it lasts through the next sheering earthquake.

And yes joining the waterfront from Alki to Discovery Park should be our goal. Giving people access to the water through the seawall via steps and and a couple of boat launches will help people recognize that it's "Our sound", "Our Water", "Our Salmon", "Our beaches" so that when we spend money fixing the culverts, restoring streams, improving sewage treatment that they will consider it money well spent.

GaryP

Posted Fri, Feb 25, 2:49 p.m. Inappropriate

I don't disagree about the monorail, the gondola cost is about 5 to 10 percent the cost of a monorail with almost no land acquisition required...

ruffner

Posted Sat, Feb 26, 10 p.m. Inappropriate

A lot of ink is being wasted on the "waterfront park". Has everyone forgotten that the Port of Seattle agreed to give $100,000,000 to the tunnel project if and only if there is a functional freight corridor on the waterfront which replaces the existing Viaduct. This freight corridor is a necessity to the marine industry. Until a functional freight corridor exists the money will not be forthcoming. A functional freight corridor must be as fast as the existing viaduct. That means few if any traffic lights. The State has to design the road first and the park will have to come last. Failure to do this will result in a $100,000,000 hole in the project. Any other outcome will result in a permanently nonfunctional City with a massive loss of business. If Seattle cannot take care of one of it's main sources of income all other industries (that are still left)will take note. The town will become nothing more than a fading playground for tourists.
LarryW

LarryWard

Posted Sun, Feb 27, 9:39 a.m. Inappropriate

I hate the idea of this massive park. That property should be business, industrial, Port, jobs. Not another new park for bums. It's too expensive and will erode the already failing business district of Seattle. Bellevue will win this one.

Posted Sun, Feb 27, 11:18 a.m. Inappropriate

Cities are obsolete and unaffordable.

Enslaving an entire populace with tax to satisfy the mad dreams of a few retrograde centrists is retrograde.

jabailo

Posted Mon, Feb 28, 11:33 a.m. Inappropriate

Larry Ward's comment makes an important point: "The Port of Seattle agreed to give $100 million to the tunnel project 'if' there is a functional freight corridor on the waterfront as a necessity for marine industry. That means few if any traffic lights. Any other outcome will result in a loss of business. The State has to design the road first and the park last."

The current Alaskan Way design is 4-lanes with 13 stoplights between Pike and King Streets, plus 3 'additional' stoplights in Lower Belltown. A bridge over the Broad Street RR tracks makes sense but discussion is silenced by various inside planner interests.

An early design for Alaskan Way incorporated a 2-lane 'frontage road' east of the 4-lane Alaskan Way with a transit/ped/bike median separating the two much like the existing streetcar route and pathway only better.

This early design would reduce stoplights from 13 to 9, and divide thru-traffic from motorists looking to park. This increases Alaskan Way capacity and thru-put, reduces potential for traffic accidents, creates space for the streetcar line, and builds a cyclist pathway separate from traffic instead of painted lines in traffic.

This design does reduce park width, but still widens the existing sidewalk (I estimate) 6'- 12'. A working waterfront shouldn't have a wide parkspace between piers and the roadway. I figure SDOT plans to build several parking lots on the proposed wide parkspace and admit it after it's too late to stop them.

I still support the cut/cover tunnel as depicted in the DEIS. This early Alaskan Way design would probably require the Broad Street bridge which incidentally could handle streetcar tracks and via Elliott-3rd Ave West reach Seattle Center. Seattler higher education includes Sycophant101.

Wells

Posted Tue, Mar 1, 8:57 a.m. Inappropriate

Love it or hate it...the existing viaduct should be restored and utilized as the most effective and economical solution that it is. The squandering and waste of resources associated with this tunnel and the resulting damage to the regions mobility make it an historical mistake.

jmrolls

Posted Tue, Mar 1, 12:05 p.m. Inappropriate

Rolls is right. The bored tunnel is a huge mistake in terms of regional mobility. The simplest, safest, least-cost and least-impact route between Ballard and SR99 is via Lower Belltown, NOT Queen Anne, you idiots!

Wsdot's Scenario 'H' details a surface design through Lower Belltown that has potential and merits further consideration. Its two stoplight intersections at Elliott and Western direct SR99 traffic between the Battery Street Tunnel and the surface/transit 'or' elevated viaduct replacement options. The AWV is doomed, but a replacement viaduct is possible - to be frankly honest about it.

Wsdot favored surface treatments for Lower Belltown that built either 5 or 8 stoplight intersections. "Why build two intersections, when we can build eight?" wsdot weasels wondered while dollar signs danced inside their polluted pointy heads.

Wells

Posted Sat, Mar 5, 12:26 a.m. Inappropriate

Weally good alliteration, Wells.

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