Wars' painful legacies, from Pearl Harbor to Afghanistan
A World War II fighter, George McGovern, who suffered a fall last week, went on to run for president as a peace candidate. He's stayed active in large part because he worries about the young people who are still being sent off to war.
Warren K. Leffler/Library of Congress/Wikimedia Commons
Wednesday's 70th anniversary of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor should be well marked at several levels.
For those of us alive at the time — I was 7 in 1941 — Dec. 7 was one of those days about which you can remember each small detail. It was most memorable, of course, for the millions of Americans whose family members served, died, or were wounded in World War II.
Two news reports last weekend struck me as particularly connected to the anniversary.
First, there was news that former Sen. and Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern, 89, a World War II bomber pilot, had been hospitalized in South Dakota after a fall. Second, there was the heart-rending story of the aptly named Ryan Job, a seriously wounded Navy SEAL from Issqauah, who had died at 28 because of mistakes at an Arizona hospital. Job's ordeal, I thought, was exactly the kind of thing that made McGovern hate war in his bones.
George McGovern had his roots in Depression-era South Dakota's populism and progressivism. As a teenager, he received World War II flight training and ended up flying 35 B-24 combat missions over Italy and eastern Europe. Many of his squadron mates were killed. In later years he expressed frequent regret at the civilian lives his bombs might have taken on the ground.
As with many others of his origins and experiences, he returned home with a deep hatred of war. In the 1948 presidential election, he was a supporter of former Vice President Henry Wallace's Progressive party candidacy for the presidency (against Harry Truman and Thomas Dewey) and a delegate to that party's convention in Philadelphia. He questioned the Cold War.
Later McGovern began a career as a door-to-door Democratic Party organizer in his home state. He served from 1957-'61 as a South Dakota congressman. In 1960 he and Minnesota Sen. Eugene McCarthy served as co-chairs of the Democratic presidential nominating campaign of Sen. Hubert Humphrey, then carrying the peace/liberal flag in the party against the ultimately successful Sen. John Kennedy, who took a far more hawkish international posture. When JFK became president, Humphrey was instrumental in seeing that McGovern was named director of the Food for Peace program, established by Humphrey's 1961 legislation. The McGovern and Humphrey families were next-door neighbors in suburban Maryland.
McGovern won election as a U.S. senator from South Dakota in 1962, and he became a leading critic of the Vietnam War, while his friend Humphrey wound up trapped in the war policy as Lyndon Johnson's vice president. Eventually, in 1972, they would become finalists for the Democratic presidential nomination, ultimately won by McGovern, in a contest that was personally painful for both men. (In 1968, when Humphrey was the party's presidential nominee, McGovern was the first to link arms with him at the convention; Humphrey did the same for McGovern in 1972).
After serving as Humphrey's assistant in the vice presidency, I served as policy director of McGovern's 1972 campaign against President Richard Nixon. McGovern had been animated to seek the presidency by his burning desire to the end the Vietnam War. He considered the war a policy mistake. But he also felt deeply and personally the pain being borne by the victims of the war. The economy was flat in 1972, and Nixon was most vulnerable to attack on his economic policies, but for McGovern the war was the thing — the only thing — and he was uncomfortable raising any other issue. Toward the end of the campaign, Nixon falsely announced that "peace was at hand" in Vietnam and won a landslide victory over McGovern (despite the Watergate scandal just gaining steam).
Ultimately, McGovern would lose his Senate seat, but he continued to devote himself to causes of peace and world hunger. Along the way he and his wife, Eleanor, suffered personal tragedy, losing their daughter Terry to alcoholism. Then, a few years ago, Eleanor — McGovern's practical, stable life partner — died as well. Yet McGovern never ceased writing and speaking. (He is, by the way, one of the few politicians I have known who is a writer and historian in his own right). I expect him to return from his current hospitalization and to pass, finally, at a podium or even in a lunch-counter dialogue about the evils of mistaken wars. May he reach 100 before he ends his journey.
Ryan Job's story is exactly the type of war-related loss that kept McGovern going and on his feet. As the press in Arizona reported, Job's family won a lawsuit against Maricopa County, Arizona, last week after his death two years ago because of a Maricopa Medical Center overdose of painkillers just two days after Job's facial-reconstruction surgery there.
As Michele Ye Hee Lee of The Arizona Republic recounted, Ryan Job dreamed as an Issaquah high-school student of becoming a fighter pilot like his grandfather in World War II. He earned his pilot's license at 17. Then he aspired to be a Navy SEAL. He dropped out of the University of Washington after three years, enlisted, and completed the challenging SEAL training. He was deployed to Iraq in April 2006 as his SEAL team's primary automatic-weapons gunner, earning numerous awards. He reportedly survived some 20 firefights in Iraq until, in August 2006, a sniper's round destroyed his right eye and opened the right side of his head. He bled profusely and was not expected to survive.
Job began a series of surgeries to rebuild his face, including his eye socket and part of his skull. Along the way, he married his childhood sweetheart, Kelly. He lost the sight in his left eye as well, because of nerve damage.
Job and Kelly moved to Phoenix, where she worked as a nurse anesthetist. He got his B.A. in business administration and landed an internship at General Dynamics. Kelly became pregnant. In September 2009, Job checked into Maricopa Medical Center for another in a series of facial-reconstructive surgeries. A first surgery was followed by a second. He received a cocktail of painkillers.
Two days later he died in his hospital room, the victim of what the hospital called a "sentinel event," a legal term describing an unexpected incident leading to death or serious injury, and as a "never event," a term characterizing an accident that should never occur in a hospital. After all he had undergone, Job died because of a hospital mistake. He would not live to see his daughter, born six months after his death.
After Dec. 7, 1941, the United States fought a global war it had to fight, against tyrannical and brutally totalitarian Nazi and Japanese regimes. But it is hard to justify the fighting of other wars, before and since then, which often have been undertaken on mistaken perceptions of American interest or out of a misplaced sense of mission.
We know now that no American vital interest ever was at stake in Vietnam. We undertook war in Iraq on mistaken intelligence. We remain engaged in Afghanistan, even though we have signaled the Taliban that we will exit within three years. Military action against Iran is now being seriously discussed.
We should never forget Pearl Harbor. But we also should never forget Ryan Job of Issaquah, and those like him dead, wounded, and scarred, who gave everything in conflicts that need never have been fought. Nor should we forget George McGovern, still fighting, still standing, rejected overwhelmingly at the polls but ultimately right on the big issue of life and death, war and peace.
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Comments:
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 7:44 a.m. Inappropriate
Japan and the U.S. were headed for a confrontation in Asia long
before Pearl Harbor. FDR was shipping Boeing bombers to the far
east well ahead of that date. The eery similarity between Pearl
Harbor and 9/11 is stunning, the lack of preparedness in the face
of the knowledge that you had enigmatic, made enemies in the instance
of blow-back such as 9/11; had an enemy in Japan whose imperialist
ambitions conflicted with the U.S.'s.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 9:56 a.m. Inappropriate
McGovern has always struck me an idealistic but impractical figure. Certainly, his 1972 nomination represented the furthest leftward movement of official Democratic presidential politics. It was the moment when the party lost contact with the white working class, never to be effectively regained. Of all the many unhappy consequences of the Vietnam War this parting perhaps has had the greatest long-term significance.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 10:29 a.m. Inappropriate
Woofer makes an interesting point. I have written before on this subject and will do so again. But it should be separated from this particular discussion.
What later would be called Reagan Democrats began a departure from the Democratic Party after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related Great Society legislation. President Johnson predicted this at the time he signed the legislation. (Post-election polling in 1968 showed that Humphrey lost the election not because of the war but because of
defections of such former Dem. voters to Nixon and George Wallace).
The process intensified in 1972 as many McGovern supporters---though not McGovern himself---had social agendas which were alien to the same constituency. Hence the "acid, amnesty, and abortion" label attached to them at the time.
Many of these voters have never returned to the Demo. Party. The coalition which elected Obama in 2008 included, notably, first-time
young voters and independents who were drawn to what they thought was his
unpartisan, consensus-seeking platform. Obama, right now, is making
efforts to bring some of these voters back in Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Jersey, and other swing states. But he will have a difficult time doing so and likely will rely on a liberal/minority coalition for a 2012 political base.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 10:39 a.m. Inappropriate
The biggest failing McGovern had was to not use his wartime experience against Nixon. He let the republicans paint him with the "hippy loving, peacenik" brush and while he was a man of peace. He had actually fought in the war. The similarities between him and Kerry are also astounding. Both men should have grown a spine and put those other guys in their place.
http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq60-8.htm
Looks like Nixon was "near the front lines" at least.
As for Woofer's comment, the beating of the protesters in '68 had a definite repercussion of many left'ys sitting out the election having seen that both parties were pretty much corrupt.
PS
The Libertarians might actually field a real candidate in 2012 in Bill Still.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjGTaXhpObM
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 12:26 p.m. Inappropriate
My observation was more existential than historical. Without doubt, the process of separation began with the defection of southern Democrats as a consequence of Lyndon Johnson embracing the civil rights movement. What 1972 brought was more a final sense of alienation. Locally we were still digging out of an extended Boeing recession and jobs were scarce. I was living up in the Skagit Valley and remember talking to lots of construction workers who, while enamored of neither Nixon nor the unending war, just could not relate to McGovern's odd other-worldly political persona. I suspect that if the Democrats had again nominated the more garrulous Humphrey the psychological reaction would have been less extreme, even though the underlying policy message would have been nearly the same.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 2:17 p.m. Inappropriate
MGM ran this cartoon "Peace on Earth" in December 1939, three months after Hitler invaded Poland.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8stkqssLYc
McGovern returned with his hatred for war, and supported Henry Wallace against Harry Truman........who had also served in an equally brutal war.
I know people like to take swipes at Nixon. He was a Quaker, he could have requested a religious exemption. He was in his late 20's at the beginning of the war, he had already graduated law school, was practicing law, and had various administrative positions, when the war broke out. He volunteered for the Navy. They put him in administrative tasks within the military. After doing that for a year or so, in 1943, he requested transfer to sea duty.
Doesn't look like the behavior of someone looking to avoid service.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 9:43 p.m. Inappropriate
A lot of concerns here: (1) the untold cost to the individuals and families involved, from the physical and mental pain of maimed and fatalities; (2) the monetary cost that is shielded from the public: the tangible costs of the wars themselves is off-budget, with no tally of the total costs of the wars that don't stop/end with the end of the conflict; (3) the lack of participation in the wars except for some brave volunteers; (4) the continued belief by primarily one major party's members that throwing more money at the defense establishment will ensure our safety, even if it means buying weapons that the military brass don't want and having bases in nations that can afford - and should be paying for - their own defense, with those troops offering no deterrent to numerically-superior forces. (5) the growth of the defense industry to the point where this country spends more on defense than any other nation in the world, reportedly more than those countries ranked #2 through #8 combined.
What's my wish list? I'd like to see off-budget financing be outlawed. I'd like to see a requirement that any military action over "X" number of days be financed by an addition to the income tax that shows up as a line item on our paychecks. I'd like to see it made public as to the legislator's investment in these wars, i.e. the number of their family members and relatives who are on the front lines of the wars, perhaps even their investments in the defense industry. I'd like to have quarterly reports on expenditures towards each war.
Posted Tue, Dec 6, 9:53 p.m. Inappropriate
I wouldn't quite agree with the assertion that we went to war in Iraq because of "mistaken intelligence." I'd say it was more like a pack of outright and obvious lies. And anyone with half a brain could see right through them. Patty Murray did, and voted against the madness. Maria Cantwell chose to be a lemming instead. Forgivable? I don't know. Forgettable? Never.
Regarding the 1972 election, I well remember the bumperstickers that appeared afterwards in Massachusetts: "Nixon:49 - America:1"
Posted Wed, Dec 7, 12:18 a.m. Inappropriate
Re. GaryP's thoughts on McGovern and Kerry: McG surely did lose votes by not waving his sword and shield, but the gap sees to have been too big to close. And he set a principled example for future campaigns. If Kerry had had the decency and sense to follow it, he wouldn't have been so Swift-boatable, and might well have been elected.
By the way, I knew the Democrats had lost in 1972 when Diahann Carroll sang "imagine there's no heaven... and no religion too" at their convention. Great song though it is.
Posted Fri, Dec 9, 6:46 a.m. Inappropriate
An update: Sen. McGovern's condition was reported last night as improving.
Let us hope he is out of the hospital and back on his feet quite soon.
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