Legislature is running out of places to hide from school funding decisions
New information and the march of time are putting pressure on lawmakers to face education budget questions.
A lot of education reform bills are in play in the Washington Legislature. But none so far directly tackles the shortcomings that the Washington Supreme Court has ruled that the state must fix.
When the Supreme Court told the state in early 2012 that it has a legal obligation to improve K-12 education, the required upgrades boiled down to improving teacher-student ratios, and increasing the amount of instruction.
Bottom line: The court believes a lot more teachers are needed. That translates to digging up more money.
The money question had been on a back burner for the past two months with lots of speculation and few solid figures. Republicans believe $800 million to $1 billion in extra money is needed to meet the Supreme Court mandate — known as "the McCleary decision" — for 2013-2015. Democrats put the McCleary amount for 2013-2015 at $1 billion to $1.7 billion in extra cash.
Next week, those guesstimates of how much to spend will start to become less vague.
On Wednesday, the Washington Economic and Revenue Forecast Council will unveil its quarterly revenue forecast. That will provide figures for the Senate Republican and House Democratic budget gurus — who have control of spending questions in each chamber — to plug into their calculations for their proposed 2013-2015 operating budgets. And the education portions will be the biggest chunks of each budget.
The Senate Republicans, who are supported by two Democrats to form the Majority Coalition, are scheduled to announce their budget proposal between March 20 and April 1. The House Democrats will unveil their proposal a few days later.
The most likely scenario is that Republicans and Democrats will have a big gap between their education budget proposals. Senate Republicans will likely try to put out a proposal that backs their contention that no new taxes will be needed. Democrats are expected to use their proposal to prove their case that new taxes will be needed.
Republicans stress their slogan of "reform before revenue." Their argument is that not much more money is needed, but it needs to be spent smarter. Democrats say much of a good system is already is in place, but the Legislature has never adequately funded it.
"Both sides have a legitimate claim. ... I tend to say we've never thrown money at the problem," said Sen. Christine Rolfes, D-Bainbridge Island and the No. 2 Democrat on the Senate Education Committee.
"In the Senate, we're not so worried about McCleary," said Sen. Rodney Tom, D-Medina and leader of the Senate's 23-Republican-two-Democrat Majority Coalition. He later added: "It's not just about the money. ... We're in this for student achievement" in meeting the needs of the post-high-school world.
Tom noted the 2013-2015 state operating budget is expected to be $2 billion greater in revenue than the 2011-2013 budget. "That's $2 billion in extra money," he said. "We need to assure that the dollars are in the right place," said Rep. Gary Alexander, R-Olympia and the House Republicans' chief budget writer.
Earlier rough estimates in Olympia predicted the 2013-2015 overall state operating budget to be approximately $33.3 billion with no growth in non-education programs. That compares to the $31.2 billion — including $13.65 billion for K-12 education — in the 2011-2013 budget.
On Thursday this week, House Republicans unveiled their education-funding plan. However, the Republicans are a minority in the Democratic-controlled House, plus their plan solely addressed education, while barely acknowledging the presence of the rest of the 2013-215 operating budget. Alexander said he has been keeping tabs with his Senate Republican budget-writing counterparts.
House Republicans contended that the McCleary fix-it work for 2013-2015 can be accomplished with $817 million — the lowest formally presented estimate so far. And they argued that the McCleary work can be accomplished without raising taxes. House Republicans said savings and transfers from other state programs will help them tackle this goal. Money for K-12 education, higher education, corrections and care for the elderly would not be touched under the House Republican plan, Alexander said. He acknowledged the House Republican plan would trim programs for the non-elderly poor.
Senate Republicans have not hinted yet what their education-funding plan will be.
In December 2012, House and Senate Democrats announced four different possible plans — actually scenarios to be studied — to tackle the McCleary situation. These scenarios are different combinations of various ideas for raising revenue, such as tinkering with property taxes, creating a capital gains tax, temporarily increasing the state sales tax, closing tax exemptions and transferring a few hundred million dollars of school transportation costs out of the operating budget to the transportation budget. Also some Democratic scenarios call for not allowing expiration of a beer tax, a hospital tax and a 0.3 percent business and occupation service surcharge — all due to sunset soon.
Comparing the Democrat and House Republican scenarios is difficult because the state has until 2018 to meet the Supreme Court's mandate. That means radically different 2013-2015 scenarios could still lead to fulfilling all the McCleary obligations by 2019.
Also, many of the Democrats' $1 billion to $1.7 billion extra-needed-money scenarios include extra money for teachers, who have had pay cuts and always have been denied pay raises for years. The House Republican plan actually identified a $1.5 billion proposed increase in education money -- $817 million for McCleary, $86 million for other new programs, and the rest for other purposes. That means Republicans and Democrats could be tackling many similar problems, but are using different ways to account for the money.
Republicans are dead set against any tax increases and against prolonging any taxes that are due to sunset. Democrats contend new tax revenue is the only realistic way to deal with all of the McCleary obligations.
Rep. Cathy Dahlquist, R-Enumclaw and ranking Republican on the House Education Committee, pointed to the lack of any no-tax scenario in the four Democratic education funding plans as proof that the opposing party wants new taxes regardless of the situation. "They're holding kids hostage for a tax increase," she said.
The Supreme Court recently gave Democrats a break on the tax issue when it ruled unconstitutional the requirement that two-thirds of the Senate and House are needed to raise taxes or to close tax exemptions. That voter-imposed requirement had effectively stopped every tax-increase move. Despite that ruling, Democratic legislative leaders voiced politics-related skittishness about raising taxes, saying that would be only a last resort.
The Republican anti-tax stance irked Sen. Rosemary McAuliffe, D-Bothell and ranking Democrat on the Senate Education Committee. She groused earlier this week after a 35-12 Senate vote to loosen an alcoholic beverage law. "I'm enraged that we can get a two-thirds vote for this, but not a two-thirds vote for education(-related taxes). I'm enraged," she said.
The $800 million to $1.7 billion McCleary shortfall for 2013-2015 is not happening in a vacuum.
Until recently, the state expected a roughly $1 billion shortfall on top of the McCleary funding needsl. A few weeks ago, however, state calculations showed that a 2012 Washington Supreme Court ruling on estate taxes will trim $160 million in revenue. And on Thursday, the state said it miscalculated some Medicaid shuffling, adding another $300 million to the 2013-2015 shortfall.
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Comments:
Posted Fri, Mar 15, 8:50 a.m. Inappropriate
"Republicans are dead set against any tax increases..."
So is the Governor. Remember?
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 11 a.m. Inappropriate
Thanks for the excellent overview. A few thoughts:
- "Republicans stress their slogan of "reform before revenue." Their argument is that not much more money is needed, but it needs to be spent smarter." And we wait and wait for them to tell us - okay, how would you spend the money and better yet, what are district spending on that you would cut? Because honestly, districts have cut back and cut back. Seattle has no summer school. No college/career counselors. Most of the elementary counselors were cut. Ever larger class sizes.
What would they cut further?
Second, that "reform" costs money. They don't like to say that but it does.
Third, you left out the costs of charter schools, both direct and indirect. It is going to cost districts money when they lose students (and, of course, via conversion charters, actual buildings that they no longer control but must pay to maintain) and lose levy dollars.
And there's the direct cost of charters in the form of oversight.
I support what Highline Superintendent Susan Enfield has said repeatedly. She has said that the state wants a lot from her district in terms of outcomes but will not give her the funding to do it. One example she uses is the state not funding full-day kindergarten. You want these kids to be on-track to learning (especially for reading) and the State only funds half-day kindergarten?
The ed reform movement is slowly starting to collapse on itself. With any luck, this will happen before Washington State gets too sucked into this black hole.
Fund what works (and what parents and teachers - you know the real people on the ground - know they want):
- full-day K
- smaller class sizes
- direct interventions to struggling students (K-12)
- direct interventions to high school students in danger of dropping out (Everett and Tukwila have done this and their graduation rates? Up to 80%.
- assessments that give real and useful feedback to both parents, teachers and students
Posted Tue, Mar 19, 7:05 p.m. Inappropriate
"The ed reform movement is slowly starting to collapse on itself. With any luck, this will happen before Washington State gets too sucked into this black hole."
That is worth repeating. Washington's economy will suffer. Time to follow the lead of Indiana and get rid of the common core, pronto.
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 12:14 p.m. Inappropriate
How about removing 40,000 illegal aliens and children of illegal aliens from the schools? How much does that save? How about removing the requirement for union personnel in non-teaching school jobs. Does a union Janitor really clean better than a non-union janitor? How about removing State Sales tax on school construction projects with artificially inflates the costs to the taxpayers.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 6:54 a.m. Inappropriate
Cameron, no problem removing non-citizens from the public schools. All you have to do is amend the state constitution which now requires the state to pay for their education. You get right on that, okay? Until the constitution is changed, however, I'd prefer the state complied with it.
Even if districts hired non-union janitors, those janitors would have the right to organize themselves and join a union. They don't surrender their rights just because they took a job with a school district.
I agree with the state sales tax exemption for school districts. I would totally support that.
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 5:29 p.m. Inappropriate
Washington State schools have been on a downward spiral for decades. We've thrown money and more money at it and the results are dismal. There is no proof that more money will increase graduation rates or turn out better educated students in the current situation or any of the lame manifestations that system the WEA and their supporters tout as real change. It's a bogus claim.
The only way more money would help is to hire new smarter teachers and administrators. The current crop of both is lackluster and we have the results to prove it. The teaching programs at our state colleges and universities turn out wooden widgets from programs that lack both rigor and standards. I'd be for paying teachers 100k/year and never think twice about it. The trouble is that teaching as it stands today is the occupation for those who are one step removed from being competent shovel operators. Sure there are some good ones, even great ones, but the total number of them in the system wouldn't fill a short bus.
Education reform is about reform not continuing down the same path with the same system. You can't tweak broken. The graduation rates would be the same no matter if the class size is 10 or 22, the only difference is that we'd have more widgets in the mix.
What we're looking for are teachers. Real ones not pretend ones, like those that populate the system now.
Posted Sun, Mar 17, 8:12 p.m. Inappropriate
Your post is full of anger and not backed up by a whit of data or analysis. Why do you hate teachers? // I'm a parent of former Seattle Public Schools students. The teachers are generally very good. So are the principals. The administration, not so much, but if they stay out of the way and provide adequate resources, the schools do fine. // Again: Why do you hate teachers? Are you an anti-union regardless of the facts widget yourself?
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 12:53 a.m. Inappropriate
Your post reeks of the usual Seattle "progressive" arrogance and smugness. Why do you hate anyone who disagrees with you?
Posted Wed, Mar 20, 9:43 a.m. Inappropriate
I suggest you re-calibrate your crystal ball, disagreement doesn't equal hatred. I don't invest my emotional capital in hating, I'll leave that to you.
The state wide graduation rate hovers around 75%, which means one in four kids don't graduate. What more facts do you simpletons need? It's broken and your lame excuses about money, parents, and students being the main cause of the problems within the system is just crap.
When those responsible for educating our kids refuse to accept any of the blame for the dismal performance of the school system, don't expect those whose wallets you're trying to fleece to blindly accept your nonsense. Been there done that got the lousy t-shirt.
In your mind teachers are generally good. They might possibility maybe produce generally good results, where's your supporting data and analysis for this claim, but they certainly don't produce excellent results.
State graduation rates found here
http://www.erdc.wa.gov/indicators/pdf/07_hs_graduation.pdf
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 6:56 a.m. Inappropriate
Is there any data at all to support any of these claims? No. None.
In fact, all of the data proves these statements false.
Djinn and other anti-teacher, anti-tax, and anti-education trolls are not reality-based and should ignored.
Come back when you have some data.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 3:39 p.m. Inappropriate
You're just a teacher who wants a raise. Get your hand out of my wallet.
Posted Thu, Mar 21, 7:19 p.m. Inappropriate
Um. No. I'm not a teacher. And you still don't have any data to support your lies.
Posted Mon, Mar 25, 12:03 a.m. Inappropriate
You are definitely grinding an axe.
Posted Wed, Mar 20, 9:53 a.m. Inappropriate
Feast your eyes on this
http://www.joshuakennon.com/sat-scores-ranked-by-intended-college-major-show-teachers-are-below-average/
Balls in your court.
Posted Thu, Mar 21, 7:24 p.m. Inappropriate
That fails to support the contention that "Washington State schools have been on a downward spiral for decades."
Any data to support that? No.
Just as there is no data to support the contention that "the results are dismal" or "The only way more money would help is to hire new smarter teachers and administrators." or "The current crop of both is lackluster and we have the results to prove it." or "Sure there are some good [teachers], even great ones, but the total number of them in the system wouldn't fill a short bus."
There's no data to support this claim: "The graduation rates would be the same no matter if the class size is 10 or 22, the only difference is that we'd have more widgets in the mix."
I also seriously doubt "I'd be for paying teachers 100k/year and never think twice about it."
Ball is right where it started - you are responsible for supporting your claims. But you can't because they are false.
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 6:51 p.m. Inappropriate
Shoving money into the schools obviously hasn't worked.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 6:57 a.m. Inappropriate
It works for private schools. We have yet to try it for public schools.
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 7:47 p.m. Inappropriate
The following:
1. There is no evidence that reducing student-teacher ratios does anything to improve outcomes.
2. The Washington Supreme Court has no authority to tell the legislature how much money to appropriate for the schools, or anything else. McCleary has no practical force, and the legislature can safely ignore it.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 9:13 p.m. Inappropriate
The Supreme Court ruled the State wasn't fulfilling its constitutional mandate. McCleary -- just as every other Court ruling on constitutional grounds -- has force.
Posted Tue, Mar 19, 12:40 a.m. Inappropriate
"Force" is different than the ability to make appropriations.
Posted Sat, Mar 16, 9:38 p.m. Inappropriate
The Washington State Supreme Court has informed the legislature that it is their job to provide for opportunity, not outcome.
The State should step-up and begin paying for full day K and 6 periods of middle and high school per day. At this time, the state is failing to pay for both.
It is a shame that the Republican Senate Education Committee has spent a lot to time trying to get ALEC bills passed that won't get through the House.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 1:24 a.m. Inappropriate
If providing opportunity doesn't lead to better outcomes, there's no point in it. The money is best spent elsewhere.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 7:01 a.m. Inappropriate
Providing opportunity probably will lead to better outcomes. We haven't tried it yet. Or haven't you heard of the opportunity gap?
Also, even if it didn't, there would still be a point. It would still be worthwhile because that's what we, as Americans, believe. We believe in equal opportunity. Or does NotFan not believe in equal opportunity? Does NotFan choose not to participate in that element of the American creed?
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 3:38 p.m. Inappropriate
Equal opportunity doesn't have to mean spending more money. And if all they do is pour money down a rathole, then they should spend it elsewhere. A lot of this push winds up being the teachers wanting a raise, anyway.
Posted Sun, Mar 17, 5:24 a.m. Inappropriate
It is a shame that the Democrat controlled Senate Education Committee has spent the last ten years getting bills passed that got through the Democrat controlled House and still didn't fully fund Education.
Posted Sun, Mar 17, 9:46 p.m. Inappropriate
I would suggest that the state legislate that education spending be tied to the cost of living and the median income. Money spent on education should be proportional to money spent on other things and proportional to income. Education spending should rank nationally about equal with cost of living and median income.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 7:03 a.m. Inappropriate
toughbretts, that might make sense if we were fully funding education now. Since we aren't, that solution would doom us to never providing education with the funding it needs.
Actually though, wouldn't it be better if education spending were tied to education costs?
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 3:38 p.m. Inappropriate
"Fully funding education" = "Giving the teachers a raise"
Posted Thu, Mar 21, 7:26 p.m. Inappropriate
I suggest you get off this loop and actually read how the legislature has defined basic education. That would be fully funding education.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 9:14 p.m. Inappropriate
What median income and what cost of living? That of King County/Seattle? That of Coupeville?
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 10:07 p.m. Inappropriate
I was thinking the state. I think the state funds schools on a per student basis.
So if the cost of living in WA is 20th in the nation(or whatever we are), the state should be spending about 20th in the nation.
Posted Mon, Mar 18, 12:14 p.m. Inappropriate
Re: smaller class sizes:
A large portion of the class size reduction research has not only demonstrated that when qualified teachers teach students in smaller class sizes the students in the smaller classes learn more and according to Finn, Fulton, Nye, and Zaharias (1992), Konstantopoulos and Chung (2009), and Finn and Achilles (1999) these students retain this advantage over other students who attend larger classes but also shown how smaller class sizes help to significantly close the achievement gap among minority and majority students. According to Nye, Hedges, and Konstantopoulos (2000a), Konstantopoulos (2009), and Schanzenbach (2007) smaller class size seems not only to increase achievement for all students but also to benefit most those students who are minorities, eligible to receive free or reduced-price lunches, or attend urban schools in low income districts.
Posted Tue, Mar 19, 11:33 a.m. Inappropriate
Learning is not a mechanical process; it is a cultural and relational process. We are motivated to learn what the culture around us values, and that culture is primarily mediated to us by our families and the immediate social world in which we grow up. In other words we learn what our social world tells us it's important to learn. For some what we learn on the streets is more important than what we learn in a classroom. I don't think it's hard to understand why.
Kids who grow up in families with college-educated parents have a significantly greater chance of making it to college and graduating than those who don't. That doesn't mean that other kids can't; it's just harder because no one they know or care about models that possibility for them.
The only sane reason to pay $20K+/yr for a private school is because it buys you a lower student teacher ratio. This does two things. When a kid is sitting around a table with 12-15 kids It's hard for him or her to hide in the back row--he gets attention--and it increases the possibility that the kid will make a connection with a teacher, and because the teacher, who is not overwhelmed by having a huge course load and 150 other students, has the time and energy to cultivate those relationships. Nothing is guaranteed. But it increases the chances of a good outcome, and increases the chances that such a relationship might wake a kid up. That's common sense, and it also points to why online courses won't work for many kids because they can't work until the kid is first awakened and motivated to learn. You'd be crazy not to want smaller class sizes for all our kids.
We hear from Rodney Tom and some of the commenters here that money isn't going to improve educational outcomes, but I would ask these people if they think anything changes for kids who grow up poor until they have access to a social world where they are exposed to people who care about them and whom they care about who model for them the kind of learning that we all hope for them. One of those social worlds is school, and teachers are one possible model, and clearly the better position that these teachers are in, particularly in middle school and high school, to get to know and develop relationships with their students the more likely it will be that they will be motivated to learn. That's why smaller class sizes matter, and I believe there is a direct correlation between the way we structure teacher/student relationships in middle school that accounts for student motivation plummeting during those years. See this Gallup study: http://thegallupblog.gallup.com/2013/01/the-school-cliff-student-engagement.html
But that obviously isn't enough. There have to be good curricula and support in the schools. There have to be after school programs and summer programs to provide that alternative learning world, and they have to provide real learning opportunities in areas that link these kids to a positive future. There have to be preschool programs, better nutrition programs, and parent education programs. And all this cost money.
So when I hear Tom saying we need to use the money smarter, I agree, and it starts from getting away from these reform ideas that testing, and teacher accountability, and common core, and online learning are going to change anything. They aren't going to improve outcomes because they don't get to the core problem. These are all needlessly expensive, futile, top-down bureaucratic impositions that will change nothing until we come to grips with the challenges of how the culture of poverty is a culture of school failure. And at some point we have to come to grips with the fact that if we're serious, really serious, about improving the life prospects for these kids, we have to be willing to pay for it. Anyone who says it doesn't have to cost more is either delusional or disingenuous.
Posted Wed, Mar 20, 10:53 a.m. Inappropriate
I am amused by the definitive statements of armchair experts about school funding.
Especially since most of em obviously havent been in a school for fifty years.
Tell you what- go volunteer in your local elementary school. Just one morning a week, for, say, a year.
And observe a teacher trying to deal with 30 kids, some of whom are ADD, some who live with their drunken grandmother, some who come to school without shoes or a coat, some with serious mental or emotional issues.
One kid like that can take all the attention of the single adult in the room, the teacher, for the entire class period. And even "good" schools have way too many kids like this- kids who need one on one help with reading, math, and writing.
Go ahead, just go work with the third graders- we all can do that level of math.
Then come back and tell us how schools are overfunded.
you guys are all obviously retired, or living in mom's basement anyway- you got the time.
Posted Wed, Mar 20, 12:06 p.m. Inappropriate
I'd agree here as well. I do volunteer in a K-8 school. It is amazing how much time the teachers and administrators put in. Generally 10 hour days every day and at least 8 hrs on the weekend. All those week-long breaks? Planning or grading. Or maybe finally catching up on sleep.
Private school classes are smaller and they do not have to take all comers - they don't have to deal with non-english speakers, kids from dis-functional homes, ADD kids, or Aspergers kids as an example. That is what you are paying for - smaller class sizes and a more controlled classroom environment.
Yes, by all means. Go volunteer to get a wider view of the world - and to help out! The schools need you.
Posted Mon, Mar 25, 12:06 a.m. Inappropriate
Excuse me, but we already pay ridiculous taxes for underperformance, incompetence, fraud, and corruption. Now you want us to donate labor too, and if we don't then we have no right to comment? No way. Tell these people to do their jobs, or to quit so we can find some others who will. And drop the self-righteous, condescending #$%@&% while you're at it, and for once in your life take responsibility for failure.
Posted Tue, Apr 9, 7:48 a.m. Inappropriate
Except that there is very, very little incompetence fraud, or corruption and there is very little failure on the part of the professionals in public education. Our schools do a terrific job with the students who arrive prepared, supported, and motivated. They always have.
You have a right to comment, but your comments are so obviously un-informed or mis-informed that they carry no credibility. You have a right to comment, but you have a responsibility to inform yourself before you do.
Posted Mon, Mar 25, 12:53 p.m. Inappropriate
NotFan
What have I told you about playing nice with the other kid?
It's amazing the wealth of knowledge you have brought to this discussion. Oh, that's right you haven't (notice no spelling, grammar or punctuation errors now that I know it's the only thing your concerned about).
Posted Tue, Mar 26, 12:47 a.m. Inappropriate
"The only thing your concerned about."
And you teach? God help your students. I won't even start on your lack of composition skill.
Posted Tue, Mar 26, 12:33 p.m. Inappropriate
Apparently your under the delusion that your ability to compose is any better. Not even close and I am qualified to actually say that. I suspect (rightly so) that you are not.
You don't know anything about me or my students just like you don't have any idea about what your talking about most of the time. So do yourself a favor and bone up before you stick you foot in yourouth again. As far as I'm concerned you will make a fine goose stepper some day as you seem to buy into what others say without reasoning through issues on your own. I think you probably don't have anything to say, know your wrong and have to go to plan B which probably stems from the fact you didn't pay attention in school or didn't actually attend much. It makes complete sense that you don't like teachers after that kind of an experience.
Posted Tue, Mar 26, 1 p.m. Inappropriate
NotFan
The Tax Foundation (a fairly reliable source) has a chart which tracks those ridiculously taxes you talk about. You are correct about Washingtonians paying a high rate. Most of our state's revenue is generated based on a sales tax. The more you buy the more you pay. If your a home owner the news gets worse due to local property taxes (based on assessed value). Local levies, factored into your property taxes, contribute to what one pays out over time too.
Taxfoundation.org/article/state-individual-income-tax-rates-2000-2012
Here I've provided a basis for your argument of why you think you pay so much. Notice how your claim is backed up? Less emotional, more fact based. This a much better way of supporting your point of view than what your doing.
Posted Fri, Mar 29, 11:45 p.m. Inappropriate
Please. Learn YOU'RE for YOU ARE, not YOUR.
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