For those of us old enough to have personal recollection of World War II — and we are a dwindling number — that war will always be the one which comes to mind on the occasion of Memorial Day. I was seven years old when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Quite soon fathers and sons in my neighborhood went to war in uniform. Civilians at home worked long hours and six-day weeks. There was gasoline and food rationing. The best way to describe the atmosphere to those who were not there: It was as if the spirit which prevailed in the country briefly after 9/11/2001 lasted for a full four years.
Although its signs were all around us, we kids probably connected to the war most strongly through the black-and-white films we watched at Saturday matinees. I went every Saturday with a grade-school friend (Dewey Lawrenson, John Abbott, Henry Banks, or Allen Jewell) to Bellingham's American Theater. Admission was 9 cents or, alternatively, a metal toy to be recycled for the war effort. After the latest episode of an adventure serial, a war movie went on the screen. Most were unashamed propaganda, intended to lift home front morale and breed hostility toward our enemies. Nonetheless, they were effective and artful films which time has treated well. Many could be seen this past weekend on movie and other cable channels.
In Bellingham, we saw newsreels and films depicting the loss of the Phillipines to the Japanese and the Bataan death march. Within weeks of VJ-Day (Victory in Japan Day), a parade was held down Holly Street in downtown Bellingham. Leading it, astride a white horse, was Gen. Jonathan Wainwright, who had stayed with his men after Gen. Douglas McArthur had decamped for Australia. Wainwright had been imprisoned by the Japanese. As he rode past on his horse, I saw that he could not weigh more than 120 pounds and feared for his life.
Right after the war, in 1946, a powerful film, The Best Years of Our Lives, directed by William Wyler and starring Dana Andrews, Myrna Loy, and Fredric March, swept the Academy Awards. It portrayed a soldier, sailor, and airman returning to their hometown after the war and their sometimes heart-rending problems of adjustment. A few years later, in television's early days, Victory At Sea, a documentary series with score by Richard Rodgers, told the story of the Navy's mostly Pacific Theater struggles during the war.
Two World War I-based films are classics worth seeing in any generation. Lewis Milestone's 1930 film, All Quiet on the Western Front, derived from the novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German soldier during World War I, saw the war through the eyes of young students inspired to enlist by war-glorifying teachers and sent to the trenches to die or be wounded. Stanley Kubrick's Paths of Glory, a 1957 film, presented a fictionalized account of French soldiers' World War I mutiny in the trenches and its savage repression by callous ranking officers. Kirk Douglas and Adolph Menjou starred in principal roles; Douglas played a gutsy field commander standing up to brass who ordered the execution of his men — and losing his argument.
Gregory Peck played the lead role in two films notable for their authenticity: Twelve O'Clock High (1949) in which he played the commander of an American bomber squadron, based in England, which over time became decimated; and Pork Chop Hill (1959), in which he played a Korean War infantry lieutenant fighting a desperate but essentially meaningless action for control of Pork Chop Hill to bolster peace negotiators' bargaining hand toward an armistice. It was based on actual events.
All of these films were made in black and white, which heightened their sense of stark reality. All had spare dialogue and tight editing.
Many war films, strong and weak, have been made in the years since. One of the most effective, shown on Home Box Office this past weekend (as in previous weeks), has been Taking Chance, starring Kevin Bacon as a Marine officer voluntarily escorting the body of a dead enlisted man, killed in Iraq, for burial in his Midwestern hometown.
Far distant from Iraq, Afghanistan, and other perilous places, it is easy for us to enjoy our glorious spring weather and the natural gifts which our region brings us. It is well that we be reminded, via film if not otherwise, that brave men and women are at this same moment undergoing great hardship, and sometimes giving their lives, unseen and often unrecognized by us. God bless them. And thanks to film makers and others who will not let us forget them.
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Comments:
Posted Mon, May 25, 8:03 a.m. Inappropriate
My dad talks about the palpable fear that west coasters had (lived in Portland) of Japanese invasion. He operated combines at the family farm in the Willamete Valley. Later served in combat ready unit in europe during early part of cold war.
I had a great uncle shot through the face by a german sniper in the europian theater who also served in Korea. My wifes uncle was killed aboard a B-17 in the 600 ship raid over Bremen on Northern Germany. The action was chronicled in Air force magazine. It was the "Memphis Belle" story with an unhappy ending. ship name was "barrel house bessie"
Thinking or our current and former veterans this memorial day.
Posted Mon, May 25, 9:41 a.m. Inappropriate
EastKing: Yes, in the early days of the war, it was thought an invasion---or at least, raids and submarine attacks--might be imminent here (German submarines were causing great damage, and sinking much cargo shipping, along the Atlantic coast. German agents were landed on Long Island and
elsewhere). Some shipping was sunk on the West Coast. We had blackouts every evening and each home, at least in Bellingham, was provided with sand, shovel and air-raid kit. Beaches were closed and
barbed-wired. In the latter days of the war, as you know, Japanese balloons were launched with explosives aboard. Members of my sixth-grade class were called to a meeting. The school principal told us to look out for such balloons..to report them to police or school authorities...but not to tell parents or neighbors, since panic was to be avoided. A few such balloons landed in Oregon and N. California and detonated, but as I recall no human casualties resulted. A couple cows were killed in Oregon.
Lots of families took losses. One of my cousins was aboard the U.S. sub which famously sank a ship in Yokahama harbor; he returned alive. A block down my street were two homes with Gold Stars in the windows, signifying war deaths. Everyone was part of the effort in some way, in contrast to Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf War, and Iraq/Afghanistan where losses were no less real but the society did not go to a general war footing.
I will never forget the day the war ended. Two women in houses across my street had husbands in the service and small babies. When the news came, they rushed into the street, shouted for joy, and embraced each other.
Bells were ringing in downtown Bellingham. Big Ole, the huge horn which
signaled shift changes at the Bloedel-Donovan sawmill, where my Dad worked,
sounded over and over. I ran without stopping the blocks toward downtown. People were in the streets, milling around, and hugging. The joy was overwhelming.
Posted Mon, May 25, 11:16 a.m. Inappropriate
A P.S.: I have just heard from a Bellingham High School friend and classmate (class of 1951), Courtney Lindell, attesting to the influence
World War II movies had on him personally. The Korean War broke out during our senior year in high school. Courtney and several others in our class enlisted immediately in the Marines; he fought up and down the Korean peninsula and returned home safely. His enlistment, he says, was largely due to the impression made on him several years earlier by the World War II film Guadalcanal Diary.
Posted Mon, May 25, 1:59 p.m. Inappropriate
I should also mention a great uncle on my moms side.
Paul Masterton formed up VP-151 at Whidbey Island Naval air station at the beginning of the war, flying PV-1 Ventura's, an aircraft I'd never heard of (I am a licensed 27 year pilot with extensive aviation knowledge). He commanded the squadron throughout the south pacific for the duration. I know he supported the Tinian landings.
Attained admiral rank with many naval assignments including commanding officer of the aircraft carrier Intrepid (1958-60), now a museum in New York.
wish I'd gotten that ride in an F-14!
Posted Mon, May 25, 3:13 p.m. Inappropriate
The Best Years of Our Lives is a great film and I heartily second the recommendation. Harold Russell, who played Homer Parrish in the film, was a veteran himself. He lost both his hands while serving in the Army in 1944, and was cast for the part of the double-amputee sailor. It won him the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor in 1947.
Regarding the Japanese balloons, there were in fact six fatalities in Oregon — see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Recreation_Area. One woman and five children were killed on May 5, 1945, near the town of Bly.
Posted Tue, May 26, 5:48 a.m. Inappropriate
I watched Taking Chance twice over the weekend, once when I stumbled upon it while channel surfing, then again Monday night with my son SFC Mark. He remarked on its authenticity, especially when it came to uniforms. The fatigues of 2004 are different than those of subsequent years.
It's a remarkable film (and short - less than 80 minutes) in that it takes no position one way or the other on the war - it simply follows the a Marine officer who volunteers to escort the body of a young Marine killed in Iraq back to his home to be buried. All along the way, save in one instance while the escort was going through airport security, ordinary citizens show respect and compassion.
Art reflects our life and culture, and movies are art. The old B&W; WW II movies that, as a kid, I watched as a kid on Fourmost Movie on KOMO late at night that now are either seen on cable or DVD are an anchor to my mother's (she was a USO volunteer in Los Angeles during the war) generation and what they experienced. Taking Chance will offer that to my grandsons some time down the road.
The Piper
Posted Tue, May 26, 8:42 a.m. Inappropriate
Japanese-launched balloons actually claimed the lives of a four member family picknicking in the woods near Klamath Falls, OR. The late Frank Starret, a photographer for The Oregonian, recalled being dispatched to the scene where he took several pictures. Before he got them back to the city desk, U.S. Secret Service agents appeared at his motel, confiscated the speed graphic plates, and told him, for reasons of national security, the event never happened. The Oregonian City Desk and all local media had also been contacted with the same message.
Japanese submarines were active off the Oregon coast in those days. One of them surfaced and fired a couple of shells at an old WWI fortification near Astoria. In another incident, a Japanese sea plane, launched from the deck of a sub, bombed another coastal community (with little effect). Many years later,that pilot was later celebrated by the community as grand marshal of a local parade.
Kurt Engelstad
Posted Tue, May 26, 9:50 a.m. Inappropriate
I stand corrected on the balloon-caused fatalities in Oregon. Thanks to The Piper and kinupiaq for setting this straight. Until now I had always
believed earlier reports that the only casualties were bovine.
Posted Tue, Jun 9, 11:21 p.m. Inappropriate
The HBO series "Band of Brothers" takes one right inside WW II in Europe. It was playing on cable all day on the D-Day anniversary, June 6.
Gripping.
Posted Thu, Jun 11, 11:01 p.m. Inappropriate
" A few such balloons landed in Oregon and N. California and detonated, but as I recall no human casualties resulted."
Six people out on a picnic near Bly, Oregon [where the Al Quida folks were trying to set up a training camp afew years ago] were killed in the only fatal US attack:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_balloon_bombs#Single_lethal_attack
5 children and the wife of the only survivor (and witness), a minister, were killed. It happened during a church group picnic in a remote area of Orgeon. It is hard to understand why any deity would have allowed such a tragic act to occur.
Posted Sat, Jul 4, 10:18 a.m. Inappropriate
Paths of Glory is a great film and I thank Ted for remembering it and bringing it to new attention. However, although the film is fictionalized, the events are true. There were many mutinies among French troops in World War I. Not all mutininiers were shot, however. For a good discussion, read "In Europe" by Geert Mak.